AsyncResult #

A powerful and type-safe way to handle different states of asynchronous operations in Dart and Flutter applications. AsyncResult helps you manage the common states of async operations: initial, loading, data (success), and error states.

Features #

• 🎯 Type-safe state handling
• 🔄 Comprehensive state management
• 🛠️ Rich functional programming utilities
• 🧩 Seamless integration with Bloc/Cubit
• ⚡ Efficient pattern matching
• 🔍 Built-in error handling

Installation #

Add this to your package's pubspec.yaml file:

dependencies:
  async_result: ^1.0.6

Overview #

When working with asynchronous operations, it's common to encounter different states such as loading, success, or error. AsyncResult encapsulates these states into a single, type-safe class, making it easier to handle and propagate asynchronous results throughout your application.

States #

AsyncResult has four possible states:

1. AsyncInitial: Represents the initial state before any operation has started.
2. AsyncLoading: Indicates that an asynchronous operation is in progress.
3. AsyncData: Represents a successful state with associated data.
4. AsyncError: Represents an error state with associated error information.

Basic Usage #

AsyncResult provides four distinct states:

// Initial state
final initial = AsyncResult<String, Exception>.initial();

// Loading state
final loading = AsyncResult<String, Exception>.loading();

// Success state with data
final success = AsyncResult<String, Exception>.data("Hello, World!");

// Error state
final error = AsyncResult<String, Exception>.error(Exception("Something went wrong"));

Pattern Matching #

Use the when method to handle all possible states:

result.when(
  whenInitial: () => print("Initial state"),
  whenLoading: () => print("Loading..."),
  whenData: (data) => print("Success: $data"),
  whenError: (error) => print("Error: $error"),
);

Integration with Cubit #

Here's a complete example showing how to use AsyncResult with Cubit for managing user data:

// User model
class User {
  final String id;
  final String name;

  User({required this.id, required this.name});
}

// Repository
class UserRepository {
  Future<User> fetchUser(String id) async {
    // Simulating API call
    await Future.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 1));
    return User(id: id, name: "John Doe");
  }
}

// State
typedef UserState = AsyncResult<User, Exception>;

// Cubit
class UserCubit extends Cubit<UserState> {
  final UserRepository _repository;

  UserCubit(this._repository) : super(const AsyncResult.initial());

  Future<void> loadUser(String id) async {
    emit(const AsyncResult.loading());

    try {
      final user = await _repository.fetchUser(id);
      emit(AsyncResult.data(user));
    } catch (e) {
      emit(AsyncResult.error(Exception(e.toString())));
    }
  }
}

Using in UI #

Here's how to use the UserCubit in a Flutter widget:

class UserProfile extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return BlocBuilder<UserCubit, UserState>(
      builder: (context, state) {
        return state.when(
          whenInitial: () => const Text('Press button to load user'),
          whenLoading: () => const CircularProgressIndicator(),
          whenData: (user) => Column(
            children: [
              Text('ID: ${user.id}'),
              Text('Name: ${user.name}'),
            ],
          ),
          whenError: (error) => Text('Error: ${error.toString()}'),
        );
      },
    );
  }
}

Advanced Usage #

Transforming Data #

Use map to transform the success value:

final result = AsyncResult<int, String>.data(42);
final mapped = result.map((i) => i.toString()); // AsyncResult<String, String>

Error Handling #

Use mapError to transform the error value:

final result = AsyncResult<int, String>.error("not_found");
final mapped = result.mapError((e) => Exception(e)); // AsyncResult<int, Exception>

Chaining Operations #

Use flatMap to chain AsyncResult operations:

class UserCubit extends Cubit<AsyncResult<UserProfile, Exception>> {
  Future<void> loadUserWithPosts(String userId) async {
    emit(const AsyncResult.loading());

    try {
      final userResult = await _repository.fetchUser(userId);
      final result = AsyncResult<User, Exception>.data(userResult)
          .flatMap((user) async {
            final posts = await _repository.fetchUserPosts(user.id);
            return AsyncResult.data(
              UserProfile(user: user, posts: posts),
            );
          });

      emit(result);
    } catch (e) {
      emit(AsyncResult.error(Exception(e.toString())));
    }
  }
}

Recovery from Errors #

Use recover to handle errors gracefully:

class UserCubit extends Cubit<AsyncResult<User, Exception>> {
  Future<void> loadUserWithFallback(String id) async {
    emit(const AsyncResult.loading());

    try {
      final user = await _repository.fetchUser(id);
      emit(AsyncResult.data(user));
    } catch (e) {
      emit(
        AsyncResult<User, Exception>
          .error(Exception(e.toString()))
          .recover((_) => User(id: "0", name: "Guest User"))
      );
    }
  }
}

Best Practices #

1. Type Safety: Always specify both success and error types:

typedef UserState = AsyncResult<User, Exception>;

2. Initial State: Start with initial state when creating a Cubit:

class MyCubit extends Cubit<AsyncResult<Data, Error>> {
  MyCubit() : super(const AsyncResult.initial());
}

3. Error Handling: Use specific error types instead of dynamic:

AsyncResult<Data, NetworkError> instead of AsyncResult<Data, dynamic>

4. State Transitions: Always emit loading state before async operations:

emit(const AsyncResult.loading());
// ... perform async work

API Reference #

Types #

• T: The type of the success value
• E: The type of the error value

Constructors #

Properties #

State Properties

Value Access Properties

Methods #

Pattern Matching Methods

when<R>

Pattern matches on all possible states with required handlers.

R when<R>({
  required R Function() whenInitial,
  required R Function() whenLoading,
  required R Function(T data) whenData,
  required R Function(E error) whenError,
});

// Example
final message = result.when(
  whenInitial: () => 'Start',
  whenLoading: () => 'Loading...',
  whenData: (data) => 'Got: $data',
  whenError: (e) => 'Error: $e',
);

maybeWhen<R>

Pattern matches with optional handlers and a required default.

R maybeWhen<R>({
  R Function()? whenInitial,
  R Function()? whenLoading,
  R Function(T data)? whenData,
  R Function(E error)? whenError,
  required R Function() orElse,
});

// Example
final message = result.maybeWhen(
  whenData: (data) => 'Got: $data',
  orElse: () => 'Not in data state',
);

whenOrNull<R>

Pattern matches with optional handlers, returning null if no handler matches.

R? whenOrNull<R>({
  R Function()? whenInitial,
  R Function()? whenLoading,
  R Function(T data)? whenData,
  R Function(E error)? whenError,
});

// Example
final message = result.whenOrNull(
  whenData: (data) => 'Got: $data',
); // Returns null if not in data state

State-Specific Handlers

Transformation Methods

map<R>

Transforms the success value while preserving the state.

AsyncResult<R, E> map<R>(R Function(T data) mapper);

// Example
final intResult = AsyncResult<String, Exception>.data("42");
final numResult = intResult.map(int.parse);

mapError<F>

Transforms the error value while preserving the state.

AsyncResult<T, F> mapError<F>(F Function(E error) mapper);

// Example
final result = AsyncResult<int, String>.error("not_found");
final mapped = result.mapError((e) => HttpException(e));

bimap<R, F>

Transforms both success and error values simultaneously.

AsyncResult<R, F> bimap<R, F>({
  required R Function(T data) data,
  required F Function(E error) error,
});

// Example
final result = AsyncResult<int, String>.data(42);
final mapped = result.bimap(
  data: (i) => i.toString(),
  error: (e) => Exception(e),
);

Error Handling Methods

recover

Attempts to recover from an error by providing a default value.

AsyncResult<T, E> recover(T Function(E error) recovery);

// Example
final result = AsyncResult<int, String>.error("not_found")
    .recover((_) => -1);

mapErrorWhere

Conditionally transforms errors that match a predicate.

AsyncResult<T, E> mapErrorWhere(
  bool Function(E error) test,
  E Function(E error) mapper,
);

// Example
final result = AsyncResult<int, String>.error("not_found")
    .mapErrorWhere(
      (e) => e.contains("not"),
      (e) => "404: $e",
    );

mapWhere

Conditionally transforms data that matches a predicate.

AsyncResult<T, E> mapWhere(
  bool Function(T data) test,
  T Function(T data) mapper,
);

// Example
final result = AsyncResult<int, String>.data(42)
    .mapWhere(
      (n) => n > 0,
      (n) => n * 2,
    );

Value Retrieval Methods

Static Utility Methods

Example Usage with Static Methods #

final results = [
  AsyncResult<int, String>.data(1),
  AsyncResult<int, String>.data(2),
  AsyncResult<int, String>.loading(),
];

final allDone = AsyncResult.allComplete(results); // false
final hasErrors = AsyncResult.anyError(results); // false

// Wait for all results to complete
await Future.wait(futures).then((completed) {
  if (AsyncResult.allComplete(completed) && !AsyncResult.anyError(completed)) {
    print('All operations successful!');
  }
});

Contributing #

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request.